android 自定义view实现彩虹进度条功能

  目录

  实现一个彩虹色进度条功能,不说明具体用途大家应该能猜到。想找别人造的轮子,但是没有合适的,所以决定自己实现一个。

  相关知识

  android 自定义view

  LinearGradient 线性渐变

  实现步骤

  自定义view

  自定义一个TmcView类继承View

  重写两个构造方法。构造方法一共有4个,这里边重写两个

  重写ongSizeChanged方法,用来获取控件宽、高,来计算内部组件尺寸。

  重写onDraw方法,里边要描画背景drawBackground,分段数据drawSection,和seekbar图片drawImage。

  import android.content.Context;

  import android.graphics.Canvas;

  import android.util.AttributeSet;

  import android.view.View;

  import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

  import java.util.List;

  public class TmcView extends View {

  public TmcView(Context context) {

  super(context);

  }

  public TmcView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {

  super(context, attrs);

  }

  @Override

  protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {

  super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);

  }

  @Override

  protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {

  super.onDraw(canvas);

  drawBackground(canvas);

  drawSection(canvas);

  drawImage(canvas);

  }

  /**

  * 画背景

  * @param canvas 画布

  */

  private void drawBackground(Canvas canvas) {

  }

  /**

  * 画分段数据

  * @param canvas 画布

  */

  private void drawSection(Canvas canvas) {

  }

  /**

  * 画图片

  * @param canvas 画布

  */

  private void drawImage(Canvas canvas) {

  }

  /**

  * 更新view

  * @param total 总长度

  * @param rest 剩余长度

  * @param sections 分段数据

  */

  public void updateView(int total, int rest, List sections){

  }

  实现几个重构方法

  标注:

  整体宽度为图片宽度44px

  背景条宽度30px,外边距7px,圆角15px

  带颜色的条宽度20xp,外边距5px,圆角15px

  自定义view的坐标轴是以view的左上角位置为原点,向右为x轴正方向,向下为y轴正方向

  在视图中用RectF创建背景,和颜色条,并在onSizeChanged中设置尺寸

  public class TmcView extends View {

  private final RectF backgroundRectF = new RectF();

  private final RectF colorRectF = new RectF();

  public TmcView(Context context) {

  super(context);

  }

  public TmcView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {

  super(context, attrs);

  }

  @Override

  protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {

  super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);

  //设置矩形 left top right bottom 左上右下点的值 按照标注计算得出

  backgroundRectF.set(7, 0, 37, h);

  colorRectF.set(12, 5, 32, h-5);

  }

  ...

  }

  绘制背景条

  实现drawBackground方法,画背景需要一根画笔Paint 为了避免重复创建,声明为成员变量

  public class TmcView extends View {

  /*背景画笔*/

  private final Paint backPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);

  private final RectF backgroundRectF = new RectF();

  private final RectF colorRectF = new RectF();

  public TmcView(Context context) {

  super(context);

  }

  public TmcView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {

  super(context, attrs);

  }

  @Override

  protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {

  super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);

  //设置矩形 left top right bottom 左上右下点的值 按照标注计算得出

  backgroundRectF.set(7, 0, 37, h);

  colorRectF.set(12, 5, 32, h-5);

  }

  @Override

  protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {

  super.onDraw(canvas);

  drawBackground(canvas);

  drawSection(canvas);

  drawImage(canvas);

  }

  /**

  * 画背景

  * @param canvas 画布

  */

  private void drawBackground(Canvas canvas) {

  backPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);

  backPaint.setAntiAlias(true); //抗锯齿

  backPaint.setColor(Color.parseColor("#FFFFFF"));

  //画圆角矩形,15为圆角的角度

  canvas.drawRoundRect(backgroundRectF, 15, 15, backPaint);

  }

  ...

  }

  布局中加入TmcView

  

  android:id="@+id/tmc"

  android:layout_width="44px"

  android:layout_height="690px"

  android:layout_marginEnd="1230px"

  android:layout_marginBottom="100px"

  app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"

  app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"

  />

  绘制颜色条

  实现drawSection方法,这里要用到线性渐变LinearGradient

  LinearGradient 简单说,指定每一段的颜色和位置百分比,就能实现每一段显示不同颜色。

  但它默认是渐变色,要想不变就在每一段的开始和结束位置都设置相同的颜色。

  再创建一个画笔 Paint,画颜色条

  public class TmcView extends View {

  private final Paint backPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);

  private final Paint colorPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);

  private final RectF backgroundRectF = new RectF();

  private final RectF colorRectF = new RectF();

  public TmcView(Context context) {

  super(context);

  }

  public TmcView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {

  super(context, attrs);

  }

  @Override

  protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {

  super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);

  //设置矩形 left top right bottom 左上右下点的值 按照标注计算得出

  backgroundRectF.set(7, 0, 37, h);

  colorRectF.set(12, 5, 32, h-5);

  }

  @Override

  protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {

  super.onDraw(canvas);

  drawBackground(canvas);

  drawSection(canvas);

  drawImage(canvas);

  }

  /**

  * 画背景

  * @param canvas 画布

  */

  private void drawBackground(Canvas canvas) {

  backPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);

  backPaint.setAntiAlias(true); //抗锯齿

  backPaint.setColor(Color.parseColor("#FFFFFF"));

  //画圆角矩形,15为圆角的角度

  canvas.drawRoundRect(backgroundRectF, 15, 15, backPaint);

  }

  /**

  * 画分段数据

  * @param canvas 画布

  */

  private void drawSection(Canvas canvas) {

  int[] colorArray = {

  Color.parseColor("#FF0000"), Color.parseColor("#FF0000"),

  Color.parseColor("#00FF00"), Color.parseColor("#00FF00"),

  Color.parseColor("#0000FF"), Color.parseColor("#0000FF")

  };

  float[] positionArray = {

  0f, 0.2f,

  0.2f, 0.6f,

  0.6f, 1f

  };

  colorPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);

  colorPaint.setAntiAlias(true);

  //指定渐变色方向x轴方向不变,沿y方向渐变,渐变范围为 颜色条高度

  colorPaint.setShader(new LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, colorRectF.bottom, colorArray, positionArray, Shader.TileMode.REPEAT));

  canvas.drawRoundRect(colorRectF,15, 15, colorPaint);

  }

  ...

  }

  绘制进度图片

  app加入图片资源,根据资源id获取bitmap对象,绘制。

  需要注意的是,坐标轴的顶点在左上角,绘制图片时也是以图片左上顶点位置做定位,图片位置是view的高度减掉图片的高度,才能显示在正确位置。

  public class TmcView extends View {

  private Context context;

  private final Paint backPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);

  private final Paint colorPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);

  private final RectF backgroundRectF = new RectF();

  private final RectF colorRectF = new RectF();

  /*图片资源id*/

  private int imgResId;

  /*图片位置*/

  private int imgPos;

  public TmcView(Context context) {

  super(context);

  }

  public TmcView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {

  super(context, attrs);

  this.context = context;

  this.imgResId = R.drawable.icon_seekbar_day;

  }

  @Override

  protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {

  super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);

  //设置矩形 left top right bottom 左上右下点的值 按照标注计算得出

  backgroundRectF.set(7, 0, 37, h);

  colorRectF.set(12, 5, 32, h-5);

  imgPos = h - 44; // 设置一个初始位置

  }

  @Override

  protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {

  super.onDraw(canvas);

  drawBackground(canvas);

  drawSection(canvas);

  drawImage(canvas);

  }

  /**

  * 画背景

  * @param canvas 画布

  */

  private void drawBackground(Canvas canvas) {

  backPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);

  backPaint.setAntiAlias(true); //抗锯齿

  backPaint.setColor(Color.parseColor("#FFFFFF"));

  //画圆角矩形,15为圆角的角度

  canvas.drawRoundRect(backgroundRectF, 15, 15, backPaint);

  }

  /**

  * 画分段数据

  * @param canvas 画布

  */

  private void drawSection(Canvas canvas) {

  int[] colorArray = {

  Color.parseColor("#FF0000"), Color.parseColor("#FF0000"),

  Color.parseColor("#00FF00"), Color.parseColor("#00FF00"),

  Color.parseColor("#0000FF"), Color.parseColor("#0000FF")

  };

  float[] positionArray = {

  0f, 0.2f,

  0.2f, 0.6f,

  0.6f, 1f

  };

  colorPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);

  colorPaint.setAntiAlias(true);

  //指定渐变色方向x轴方向不变,沿y方向渐变,渐变范围为 颜色条高度

  colorPaint.setShader(new LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, colorRectF.bottom, colorArray, positionArray, Shader.TileMode.REPEAT));

  canvas.drawRoundRect(colorRectF,15, 15, colorPaint);

  }

  /**

  * 画图片

  * @param canvas 画布

  */

  private void drawImage(Canvas canvas) {

  Bitmap bitmap = initBitmap(imgResId);

  canvas.save();

  canvas.translate(0, 0);

  canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, 0, imgPos, null);

  canvas.restore();

  }

  /**

  * 通过资源id 创建bitmap

  * @param resId 资源id

  * @return

  */

  private Bitmap initBitmap(int resId) {

  Bitmap originalBmp = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), resId);

  return Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(originalBmp, 44, 44, true);

  }

  ...

  }

  公共方法

  暴露方法用来更新进度updateView

  定义一个图片有效的运动距离为view高度减掉图片高度,函数参数为总距离和剩余距离,计算百分比后乘以有效运动距离得出图片描画位置。最后调用invalidate方法刷新view

  import android.content.Context;

  import android.graphics.Bitmap;

  import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;

  import android.graphics.Canvas;

  import android.graphics.Color;

  import android.graphics.LinearGradient;

  import android.graphics.Paint;

  import android.graphics.RectF;

  import android.graphics.Shader;

  import android.util.AttributeSet;

  import android.view.View;

  import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

  import com.navinfo.tesapp.R;

  import java.util.List;

  public class TmcView extends View {

  private Context context;

  private final Paint backPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);

  private final Paint colorPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);

  private final RectF backgroundRectF = new RectF();

  private final RectF colorRectF = new RectF();

  /*图片资源id*/

  private int imgResId;

  /*图片位置*/

  private int imgPos;

  /*图片有效的运动距离*/

  private int imgValidHeight;

  public TmcView(Context context) {

  super(context);

  }

  public TmcView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {

  super(context, attrs);

  this.context = context;

  this.imgResId = R.drawable.icon_seekbar_day;

  }

  @Override

  protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {

  super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);

  //设置矩形 left top right bottom 左上右下点的值 按照标注计算得出

  backgroundRectF.set(7, 0, 37, h);

  colorRectF.set(12, 5, 32, h-5);

  imgValidHeight = h - 44;

  imgPos = h - 44; // 设置一个初始位置

  }

  @Override

  protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {

  super.onDraw(canvas);

  drawBackground(canvas);

  drawSection(canvas);

  drawImage(canvas);

  }

  /**

  * 画背景

  * @param canvas 画布

  */

  private void drawBackground(Canvas canvas) {

  backPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);

  backPaint.setAntiAlias(true); //抗锯齿

  backPaint.setColor(Color.parseColor("#FFFFFF"));

  //画圆角矩形,15为圆角的角度

  canvas.drawRoundRect(backgroundRectF, 15, 15, backPaint);

  }

  /**

  * 画分段数据

  * @param canvas 画布

  */

  private void drawSection(Canvas canvas) {

  int[] colorArray = {

  Color.parseColor("#FF0000"), Color.parseColor("#FF0000"),

  Color.parseColor("#00FF00"), Color.parseColor("#00FF00"),

  Color.parseColor("#0000FF"), Color.parseColor("#0000FF")

  };

  float[] positionArray = {

  0f, 0.2f,

  0.2f, 0.6f,

  0.6f, 1f

  };

  colorPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);

  colorPaint.setAntiAlias(true);

  //指定渐变色方向x轴方向不变,沿y方向渐变,渐变范围为 颜色条高度

  colorPaint.setShader(new LinearGradient(0, 0, 0, colorRectF.bottom, colorArray, positionArray, Shader.TileMode.REPEAT));

  canvas.drawRoundRect(colorRectF,15, 15, colorPaint);

  }

  /**

  * 画图片

  * @param canvas 画布

  */

  private void drawImage(Canvas canvas) {

  Bitmap bitmap = initBitmap(imgResId);

  canvas.save();

  canvas.translate(0, 0);

  canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, 0, imgPos, null);

  canvas.restore();

  }

  /**

  *

  * @param resId

  * @return

  */

  private Bitmap initBitmap(int resId) {

  Bitmap originalBmp = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), resId);

  return Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(originalBmp, 44, 44, true);

  }

  /**

  * 更新view

  * @param total 总长度

  * @param rest 剩余长度

  * @param sections 分段数据

  */

  public void updateView(int total, int rest, List sections){

  float percent = (1f * rest) / total;

  //防止溢出

  if(percent < 0){

  return;

  }

  imgPos = (int)(percent * imgValidHeight);

  invalidate();

  }

  }

  updateView方法还有第三个参数,是用来传出颜色条不同段的颜色和百分比数据的。根据此数据来更新颜色条。这里需要根据业务不同自己实现,我这里就不写了。

  总结

  大家可能看出来了,这个视图是用来展示导航中不同路段交通情况和当前车辆进度用的。自定义view中可以在构造方法中获取一些自定义属性,像背景条和颜色条的边距、圆角这些都可以定义到xml中,因为只适配一种屏幕尺寸所以也没有做多尺寸适配。以前也没有做过,这次记录下来。

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